Nitrogen (N) limitation is a major constraint on the productivity and biodiversity of the grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Soil N mineralization (Nmin) is a key process regulating soil N availability, yet its response to biotic disturbance in these alpine grasslands remains poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) bioturbation on soil net Nmin at a small-scale, focusing on patches at different stages of vegetation recovery, including vegetated patches, newly formed bare patches, older bare patches, and abandoned bare patches. Additionally, we examined the broader impacts of plateau pika disturbance on soil net Nmin across larger spatial scales in disturbed plots. Our results demonstrated that plateau pika bioturbation significantly increased soil net Nmin by 22.6%, particularly through a 38.5% increase in net N nitrification (Nnit) in bare patches. The most pronounced effects were observed in abandoned bare patches, which exhibited 47.3% higher soil net Nnit compared to vegetated patches. At a larger scale, plateau pika disturbance also increased soil net Nnit by 19.3% in disturbed plots, primarily driven by changes in vegetated patches and abandoned bare patches. Furthermore, soil net N ammonification (Namm) and Nmin peaked with increasing plateau pika disturbance intensity. Plateau pika disturbance reshaped ecosystem interactions by altering the relationships between soil net Nnit, Namm, and Nmin, along with associated plant, soil, and microbial factors. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of plateau pikas in alleviating N limitation in alpine meadows by enhancing N cycling processes. Our study highlights the ecological contributions of burrowing herbivores to nutrient dynamics, suggesting that sustainable management of plateau pika populations could be a key strategy for promoting biodiversity conservation and enhancing ecosystem resilience in high-altitude grasslands.